Article
What is the ocarina
The ocarina is one of the world's oldest wind instruments, with a history spanning over 12,000 years. It can play full scales and a variety of melodies, from folk music to classical pieces and even video game soundtracks like The Legend of Zelda.
Written by Maycon Lopes.
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Origin and History
The word ocarina comes from an Italian dialect and means “little goose,” named after the instrument’s resemblance to the bird’s head. However, its history is much broader:
Mesoamerica: Mayans and Aztecs used ocarinas in religious rituals and dances.
Asia: In China, the xun, and in Japan, the tsuchibue, are close relatives of the ocarina.
Europe: In the 19th century, Giuseppe Donati in Italy refined the instrument, creating the modern version with chromatic tuning.
How it works
Unlike standard flutes, which rely on tube length, the ocarina works via Helmholtz resonance. The sound is produced by the relationship between the blown air and the internal volume of the chamber, varying as the tone holes are covered or uncovered.
It can have anywhere from 4 to 12 holes (or even more in multi-chamber models), and each configuration offers different musical possibilities.
What you can play
Despite looking simple, the ocarina is surprisingly versatile:
Folk and traditional songs, such as Frère Jacques.
Adapted classical pieces, such as Carnival of Venice.
Modern soundtracks: it achieved worldwide fame through The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time, featuring melodies like “Song of Time” and “Zelda’s Lullaby.”
Improvisation and solos: its soft timbre pairs well with solo or ensemble performances.
Types of Ocarina
Type No. of holes Range Common usage 4–6 holes Simple scales Pentatonic Folk, rituals 12 holes (Alto C) Chromatic scale A4 to F6 Popular and classical music Multi-chamber 16–20 holes Extended range Complex pieces, concerts
Why learn to play the ocarina?
Portable: fits in your pocket and can be taken anywhere.
Easy to learn: ideal for beginners to wind instruments.
Charming: its sweet, ethereal sound creates a magical atmosphere.
Conclusion
The ocarina is much more than a curious instrument: it is a bridge between ancient cultures and contemporary music. Whether playing simple melodies or complex pieces, it continues to enchant musicians and listeners around the world.
If you are just starting out in the music world, the ocarina can be the perfect starting point.